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Ozgur Politika (Internet Version) (21.5.99) reports that the Turkish
state has issued a ``secret'' directive in connection with the use of
chemical weapons against guerrillas.
An Internal Security
Directive, stamped "Secret" and dated 27 February 1986, issued by
the Turkish Land Forces Command calls for the production and use of poison
gas against guerrillas when necessary, the report says.
A book by Dr. Celadet
Celiker, "Chemical, Biological, and Atomic Weapons in Kurdistan and
the Middle East", says that the Turkish state has used chemical
weapons in the past and publicizes Turkish army documents on this subject.
A secret directive
issued in the near past by the Turkish Armed Forces on the use of chemical
weapons against guerrillas appears on pages 170-172 of Dr. Celiker's book,
which was published in Kurdish by DOZ Publications.
Article (d) of the
"secret" Internal Security Directive of the Turkish Land Forces
Command, dated 27 February 1986, states that "poison gas can be filled
(as published) against terrorists if necessary.! Article (e) of the same
directive says: "If necessary specially produced poisonous germs can
be produced and used against the terrorists". Commenting on this
article, the book says that "poisonous germs" means biological weapons.
Dr. Celiker's book
points out that the Turkish state used chemical gas (as published) in the
Kasrok, Banik, Rojikan, and Merve regions of South Kurdistan on 11 October
1991. The book adds that some of the Napalm bombs used on that date hit
several schools and a hospital, burning down those buildings. The book says
that an official who served in the coalition forces which were present in
the region at the time the Turkish Air Force dropped Napalm bombs on the
region has confirmed this incident.
The book says that the
Turkish state used Napalm bombs, which it obtained from the United States,
against Greek Cypriots in the Pafos area of Cyprus in 1964 and then again
during its invasion of the island in 1974.
The book says that
Napalm tops the list of chemical weapons used by the Turkish state. Napalm
can generate temperatures of up to 800 degrees when used on its own, but
this temperature may rise to 1,500 to 2,000 degrees when it is fortified
with certain chemicals.
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